Survival Trends and Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Comprehensive Review

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by the excessive proliferation of myeloblasts and monoblasts in the bone marrow and bloodstream. This proliferation disrupts normal blood cell production, leading to symptoms such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Patients often experience fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising, and shortness of breath due to the lack of healthy red and white blood cells. The condition poses significant health risks, as the abnormal white blood cells are ineffective in fighting infections, resulting in increased susceptibility to illnesses. The classification of AML, including AMML, is primarily done through two systems: the French-American-British (FAB) classification and the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The FAB system categorizes AML based on cell morphology and maturation, while the WHO system incorporates genetic abnormalities and other prognostic factors. Key classifications include AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities, therapy-related myeloid neoplasms, and AML not otherwise specified. Understanding these classifications is crucial for determining treatment approaches and expected outcomes, as certain genetic mutations are associated with different prognoses. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is still a major hematologic cancer with differing survival rates affected by elements like genetic mutations, treatment progress, and patient characteristics. This review intends to thoroughly examine survival patterns and results in AML, including up-to-date epidemiological information, treatment advancements, and prognostic factors.