Forests in the Anthropocene: Addressing Climate Change Impacts on Ecosystem Dynamics

Forests, covering 31% of Earth's land, are crucial for ecological balance, biodiversity support, and essential ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and water regulation. However, climate change poses significant threats to these functions. This review examines its impacts on forest ecosystems, including changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, shifts in species distribution, increased pest and disease outbreaks, heightened forest fire risks, and alterations in carbon sequestration capacity. The review also explores adaptive strategies for forest management in the Anthropocene, highlighting broader approaches like climate-resilient species selection, sustainable management practices, and the implementation of monitoring systems. Effective policy frameworks, community engagement, and secure land tenure are essential to support these efforts. Key challenges, including capacity building, funding, and adaptability, must be addressed to ensure the success of these strategies. This review underscores the need for an integrated and practical approach to sustain forest ecosystems amid climate change pressures.