Mindfulness-based Therapies and Cancer-related Fatigue: A Narrative Review

Globally, the prevalence of cancer is steadily increasing, making it the second most common cause of death from non-communicable diseases, after cardiovascular disorders. It represents the highest rates of morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence continues to rise. Despite significant advancements in treatments, most cancer therapies are associated with both immediate and long-term side effects, including nausea, fatigue, appetite loss, hair loss, pain, and others. One of the most common and debilitating symptoms is Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF). According to the European Association of Palliative Care, fatigue is "a subjective feeling of tiredness, weakness, or lack of energy." CRF can develop at any stage of the illness and may persist for years after treatment. The primary objective of this review is to explore the impact of mindfulness-based therapies in managing CRF. Integrative oncology, combining conventional therapies with evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) practices, offers a holistic, patient-centered approach to CRF management. This includes mindfulness-based and biobehavioural therapies, such as yoga and meditation. This review aims to examine the research on the successful application of mindfulness techniques to effectively address CRF, offering insights for improving patient care and quality of life.